Ulster Economix

When it’s cold and dark, we naturally look forward to the warmth and light of festivities ahead. For the UK economy, we can with reasonable confidence anticipate some future vantage point from which we will be able to look back on the difficult recent period of inflation and monetary tightening. The next official statistics on inflation will likely show gradual progress. Confidence about other outcomes, though, notably long-term productivity growth and global decarbonisation, can feel more like a leap of faith.

Updates last week from the Chancellor and the fiscal watchdog, the OBR, took a lot of digesting. As the Autumn Statement headlines and Thanksgiving sales fade away, for many of us the key financial figures to watch will be heating bills and Christmas shopping receipts. The big picture for the UK is an economy hobbling along under the shadow of high interest rates, though with a sense of relief that we have so far avoided a recession.

On the UK economy, take your pick. Pessimists emphasise stagnation, high inflation, and a weakening labour market, while optimists see resilience, gradual disinflation and signs that monetary policy is working. But in the background is an uncomfortable feeling that we have grown used to low expectations. Headlines this week will likely announce a fall in inflation, boosting the national mood, but we will need further good news to feel confident of a better future.

Having spent most of 2022 and 2023 hiking interest rates, the central banks in London, Washington and Frankfurt are now taking a breather and scanning the horizon. Uncertainties abound. How much of the impact of raising rates has materialised? How are workers, firms and consumers behaving? Monetary policymakers, having been wrong-footed by inflation, are keen to avoid appearing complacent. Talk of cutting rates is firmly dismissed, but markets expect cuts in 2024. Though inflation should ease, steering the economy could get even harder.

While the US appears to be enjoying ‘immaculate disinflation’, moving beyond price pressures without suffering a recession, indicators in the UK are less encouraging. Business activity seems to be contracting and unemployment inching up. Pessimism could be premature, though. Statistical difficulties are making it harder to follow these developments, and the economy also has some positive stories to tell. The Bank of England interest rate decision and inflation forecast this week will help shape the mood as winter approaches.